Business statistics is an area of statistics which works with economic data. Business statistics allows making certain observations on the base of economic data analysis, which plays an important role in further decision making business practices. Statistical data processing methods allow to summarize and visualize series of business data, evaluate it’s main qualities which describe properties of the whole data set (average value, deviation, data distribution, etc.)
Today business statistics is used in such economics disciplines as market and financial analysis, accounting and auditing practices, management and marketing researches, etc. Business statistics allows to make different sorts of economic predictions on the base of data series and data series statistical properties. In case, any time a serious businessman starts a new business her first of all looks on statistical data of different kind in order to evaluate performance of similar businesses and predict his own economic opportunities in the chosen field. Business statistics is directly used in price policies and price forecasting on the base of previous price changes, change in offer, demand or change of other external factors. That’s why we can conclude that business statistics as a key instrument of any economist today which allows him to get a clear situation in definite area of economy, choose the most optimal business strategies coming out of price behavior, change in demand/offer, etc. Stock market behavior is mainly dictated by business statistics observations, as stock prices may vary due to a number of reasons (both economical and political), yet price variations can be easily explained by microeconomic and macroeconomic statistical observations.
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Statistical analysis of February temperature records
February temperature records for Trenton, New Jersey
2007
27,1
2006
34,7
2005
34,4
2004
33
2003
28,5
2002
38,7
2001
35,3
2000
35,9
1999
35,6
1998
39,6
1997
38,8
1996
32,5
1995
29,3
1994
29,2
1993
28,9
1992
37,6
1991
38,9
1990
32,9
1989
32,9
1988
32,7
In the data provided form the NCDC website we can see how February temperatures in NJ varied during last 20 years. The chart which was build using this data allows us to mark three warmest peaks which took place in 1991-1992, 1997-2002 and 2004-2006 years. Also we can mark that coldest years were 1993-1995, 2003 and 2007. Using this data set we can calculate mean, median, mode, and standard deviation for this data set over last 20 years:
Mean can be found according to the following formula:
So mean February temperature equals to 33.825 F
Median of the data is the middle score after data has been set in order, so February temperature median equals to 33.7 F
Mode of the data is the value from data set which occurs most often. The mode of temperature sat data is 32.9 F
Standard deviation is a measure of the spread of data set values. It can be calculated by the following formula:
Standard deviation of temperature data set for February equals to 3,823181 F. The value of standard deviation witnesses that winter climate in New Jersey is very moderate without any considerable temperature jumps. Yet, we can mark that there is a current warming trend as the difference between the lowest average February records and highest average February records equals to 12.5 F.
Conduct a literature and internet search and write a paper of between
200-3-300 words explaining how permutation and combinations can be used in business today.
Permutations and combinations techniques can be used in different areas of business analysis, especially in making decisions techniques and searches of the most optimal solution. Permutation and combination techniques allow optimizing problems of business decision choice as they allow to estimate the definite number of variants in the problems of making choice. Permutations and combinations techniques can be widely used in business analysis as they allow to evaluate the number of strategies and number of economic behavior variants in case of multiple choice business processes; these methods of combinatorics can be also used in analyzing stocks and forming the most profitable stocks portfolios. Using methods of permutation and combination we can calculate possible profits in case portfolio is formed of different stocks with different interest rate, different risks. After getting the total number of variants and possible amounts of profits and risk factors for each variant we can choose the most optimal for any time period either short time investment, or long time investment, can choose the safest variant of investment which has the lowest risk factor, etc. So we can conclude that methods of permutations and combinations provide us with powerful math tools for decision making problems.
2
27.1
34.7
34.4
33
28.5
38.7
35.3
35.9
35.6
39.6
38.8
32.5
29.3
29.2
28.9
37.6
38.9
32.9
32.9
32.7
Year
Temperature, F
February averages for Trenton, NJ (1988-2007)
1
2007 27.1
2006 34.7
2005 34.4
2004 33
2003 28.5
2002 38.7
2001 35.3
2000 35.9
1999 35.6
1998 39.6
1997 38.8
1996 32.5
1995 29.3
1994 29.2
1993 28.9
1992 37.6
1991 38.9
1990 32.9
1989 32.9
1988 32.7
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Year
Temperature, F
February averages for Trenton, NJ (1988-2007)
